ABS/anti-lock brakesAnti-lock brakes do just that - prevent brakes locking. When brakes lock you lose traction and plough headfirst into a hedge. ABS rapidly increases and decreases the braking pressure on tyres, providing maximum possible braking power while retaining some control over the car. Electronic Stability Programmes and Traction controls often go hand-in-hand with ABS
SEE ALSO: ESP (electronic stability control), Traction Control Acoustic windscreenWindscreens treated to filter out wind noise and associated exterior noises. Won't do much to screen out your kids' whining though.
Active AerodynamicsThe lower drag factor of a vehicle built with aerodynamics in mind allows for smoother transit of the vehicle through the air, thereby reducing fuel consumption.
SEE ALSO: BMW EfficientDynamics Active headrestsActive headrests move forward in case of a crash, supporting passengers' heads and necks.
Active Stability and Traction Control (ASTC)A Mitsubishi-originated development that concentrates on maintaining a vehicle's normal degree of stability when under extreme conditions.
This form of traction control will apply braking to the spinning wheels and alter engine output accordingly if wheels are losing grip. This action distributes and therefore restores equal power to all four wheels.
SEE ALSO: Traction control Active SteeringVaries steering ratios depending on the speed the car is travelling. Urban driving leads to higher ratios and higher ease in turning. Oversteer is corrected at higher speeds.
SEE ALSO: Oversteer AerodynamicsHow aerodynamic your car is will affect performance, wind noise, upforce and fuel economy. Poor aerodynamics can slow a car, cause noise intrusion and decrease traction and cornering ability. A aerodynamic car will make use of airflow to create downforce, keeping the car in touch with the road. Legend has it that the Austin Allegro was more aerodynamic reversing than moving forwards.
SEE ALSO: Fuel economy, traction, downforce AftermarketThe addition of parts to a car post manufacture. Body kits and other accessories count as after-market additions. Tuning or uprating a car's powertrain is usually done aftermarket.
SEE ALSO: Tuning Air conditioningOften shortened to aircon, air conditioning blows cool or hot air in your face. A poor man's climate control but a step up from sticking your head out of a window.
SEE ALSO: Climate control Air suspensionSuspension that uses compressed air to cushion a ride, often seen on vehicles such as SUVs where ride height can be adjusted.
SEE ALSO: Suspension, SUV AirbagsDesigned to prevent serious head injuries in the event of an accident, airbags - often shortened to simply 'bags' - are often available for drivers, passengers, side impact and head impacts (curtain airbags).
AlcantaraTextile used as trim in premium cars. Feels similar to suede, costs less and is surprisingly durable. Increasingly used in non-premium cars.
Alloys (alloy wheels)Alloys not only look cool, they improve performance through being exceptionally light. Usually made of aluminium or magnesium alloys also dissipate heat quickly, preventing brake fade. Many aftermarket companies provide alloy wheels which are generally more expensive than hubcaps and often larger.
SEE ALSO: Brake fade, aftermarket. Alternative fuelUsually used to refer to vehicles that use an alternative to petrol or diesel as a method of propulsion. Can be used to refer to hybrids, biofuel or biodiesel cars, LPG or CNG cars, electric cars and fuel-cell vehicles.
SEE ALSO: Hybrid, biofuel, biodiesel, CNG, LPG, fuel cell A-pillarPillars on cars are denoted by their position. A pillars separate a front windscreen from a driver's or passenger's side window.
SEE ALSO: B-pillar A-segmentAn A-segment car desribes a small city car smaller than a supermini, or B-segment car. Typical A-segment vehicles inlcude the Ford Ka, Fiat Panda, Vauxhall Agila, Peugeot 107, Toyota Aygo and Citroen C1.
The naming convention is informal and subject to interpretation as vehicle classes become less stratified by the introduction of crossover vehicles that do not readily fit a body style.
SEE ALSO: B-Segment Auto Stop StartBoth a fuel-saving and 'eco-friendly' management system increasingly present on many modern cars. A recent innovation that automatically interrupts the direct supply of fuel to a car the moment it comes to a halt and the disengages gearing - at traffic lights for example. The split second that the clutch pedal is depressed, the fuel supply is reinstated.
SEE ALSO: BMW EfficientDynamics AutogasSee Liquefied Petrol Gas (LPG)
SEE ALSO: LPG AWDAll-wheel drive improves traction and car control in high-performance cars or crossover SUVs. Unlike four-wheel drive (4x4) all-wheel drive cannot be turned off and is next to useless off-road. Intended for use in to aid high-performance or in difficult weather conditions.
SEE ALSO: Four-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive, front-wheel drive.